El Castillo, also known as the Temple of Kukulcan, is an ancient Maya step-pyramid located in the archaeological site of Chichen Itza, in the Mexican state of Yucatan. It is one of the most iconic and best-known Maya structures, and is considered to be one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
It was built around the 9th century AD by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. The pyramid stands at a height of 24 meters (79 feet) and consists of nine tiers, each of which is decorated with stone carvings of plumed serpents. It is thought to have been built as a temple to the Maya god Kukulcan, the feathered serpent deity.
The pyramid is located at the center of the Chichen Itza site and is the largest structure there. It is surrounded by various other buildings, including the Temple of the Warriors, the Great Ball Court, and the Temple of the Jaguars.
The pyramid is best known for its spring and autumn equinox phenomenon, which occurs twice a year when the sun sets in the west and casts a shadow on the pyramid that resembles a feathered serpent. This phenomenon is thought to have been used by the Maya to mark the passing of time and to celebrate the equinoxes.
It is also renowned for its complex astronomical alignments. The pyramid is oriented to the cardinal directions and its four sides are aligned with the four points of the compass. It is also thought to have been used as an observatory, as its orientation and design allow for the tracking of the movements of the sun, moon, and stars.
El Castillo is a remarkable example of Maya architecture and engineering. Its design and astronomical alignments demonstrate the Maya’s sophisticated understanding of the cosmos and their ability to manipulate and control the natural environment. It is an iconic symbol of the Maya civilization and a testament to their advanced knowledge and skill.